Top Speed or Maximum Velocity is another way
of saying running at full speed. The point
in
a race,
workout
or game that you reach maximum velocity depends
on strength levels, experience and running
mechanics. However, regardless of where and
when you reach full speed, there are some
differences in running mechanics and effort
when compared to acceleration speed.
When running at full speed, you no longer
need to try and apply the same level of force
to the track as during acceleration. This is
a common mistake among inexperienced athletes.
Now that you are at full speed, you will be
completely upright (perpendicular to the ground)
and your body will no longer be leaning at
an angle as you were during acceleration. By
continuing to try to run faster and faster
throughout a run, as though you were still
accelerating, you are actually going to have
a breakdown in running mechanics. By continuing
to try to accelerate while beginning to fatigue,
you will only slow yourself down faster because
you can not continue to coordinate your movements
with accuracy.
Instead, you want to relax or ‘float’ during
maximum velocity. What this means is that you
want to ease back in the amount of effort you
are expending while running, but without slowing
down and losing any speed. This idea sounds
contradictory and like any new skill, it takes
some practice to perfect and some top speed drills. While running, you
want to continue to step over the opposite
knee, but instead of driving the ball of the
foot down into the ground, you are just going
to tap the foot downward, letting the ground
come to you. Continue to drive the elbows down
and back at the same speed, but without the
same intensity as during the early part of
your run. Remember, you are not going to get
any faster at this point so energy conservation
is important. We know that your brain tells
you to keep running harder so that you do not
slow down, but you have to fight the urge to
do that and run smart. It is the ability to
make these types of adjustments that can be
the difference in running a fast time, outrunning
an opponent or chasing one down to make the
play.
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Maximum Velocity Running Cues
•
Continue to step over the opposite knee, but
let the ground come to you.
•
FLOAT - Ease back in intensity, but don’t
slow down.
•
Fight the urge to continue to run faster and
harder. One of the goals of top sprint training is to learn how to decelerate the slowest.
The athlete who decelerates the slowest runs
the fastest. Relaxation is the only way to
decrease the speed at which you slow down.
Sample Workouts:
1. Fly 20s, 30s and 40s:
Place a cone at the starting line, at 15y,
at 35y and at 55y. Accelerate hard to the
first cone (15y). Maintain the speed you
have generated by running relaxed and following
the maximum velocity cues from 15 – 35y.
Once you hit 35y, slowly decelerate for the
next 20y coming to a full stop at the last
cone. This is a fly 20. Once you are comfortable
holding that speed for 20y, you can move
the second cone to 45y (fly 30s) and 55y
(fly 40s). Total volume for these workouts
should be between 250 – 350 yards.
2. Sprint/Float/Sprint
Place a cone at the starting line, 15y, 25y,
35y, 45y and at 65y. Accelerate hard to the
first cone (15y). Maintain a hard sprint
for 10y, focusing on maintaining the speed
and
intensity created during acceleration. Once
you hit the next cone (25y) go into a float
by easing back in intensity (don’t try
to continue to get faster) without losing any
speed. At the next cone (35y) go back to a
hard sprint, running at full intensity and
trying to increase your speed. At the next
cone (45y), shut down by slowly coming to a
stop. You should not be at a complete stop
before the final cone at 65y, giving you a
full 25 yards to slow down.